p      l      o      j      u
     FDR signs Social Security Act 1935                                      Detroit News May 2, 1937                        UAW Packard edition: February 15, 1942                   Detroit News May 20, 1943                                                 USA     USA2    USA3         



Figure 0.1. The Adventures of Dasein:
From the Origins of Language to the End of Print Literacy in the United States


o
                        UAW Unity Caucus, 1936-39                                                                Ike and McCarthy: Dwight Eisenhower's Secret Campaign against Joseph McCarthy   ● 




History without philosophy

History without philosophy is only a screen on which to project the shibboleths of our time. Thinking must first emancipate itself from the Cartesian myth--the ontological presupposition of the Cartesian self and its associated rhetorical elements of consciousness, belief, motive, ideology, and interest.  Failure to do so has the effect, a priori, of blocking conceptualization of questions of ontology, agency, intentionality, habitus, action networks and networks of power, and context.

This site began as an attempt to advance an analysis of the historical trajectory: the New Deal to Donald Trump, but the events of the second decade of the 21st century, when viewed through the lens provided by The Social Origins of Language, forced me to see that there was a bigger picture.  This bigger picture is represented by Figure 0. From the Origins of Language to the End of Print Literacy in the United States.

"Trump" forces us to face the question of our primate heritage (and its corrolary, patrimonialism), on the one hand, and the fragility of print-based civilization, on the other.

Taking into account the major perspectives on the development of language and cognition, and applying these results and methodologies to the cognitive-discursive performativities of "school", "politics", and the "media," we are led to a chilling conclusion:  we are now living through the disintegration of the cognitive-discursive performativities associated with the biocultural niche of modernity.  As catastrophes go, this one--the disintegration of the biocultural niche of modernity--is a whole order of magnitude greater than the catastrophe known as the Great Depression of 1929-1941.  What is happening now is beyond the cognitive scope of current thought, which is economistic in character and Cartesian in its metaphysical presuppositions





In the beginning . . .


from Imanuel Kant,  Critique of Pure Reason (A 51/B 75) p. 107 (Hackett Publishing Co., 1996):

Thoughts without intuitions are empty; intuitions without concepts are blind.

from Eckart Förster, The Twenty-Five Years of Philosophy: a Systematic Reconstruction (Harvard, 2012)

. . . concepts have their basis in functions, by which Kant understands “the unity of the act of bringing various representations under one common representaton.” (A68).  A concept is a rule for combining certain representations (and thus also a principle for excluding certain others).

To make concepts out of representations one must be able to compare, to reflect, and to abstract, for these three logical operations of the understanding are the essential and universal conditions for the generation of every concept whatsoever.

from Friedrich Nietzsche, The Will to Power (462):

In place of "sociology," a theory of the forms of domination.
In place of "society," the culture complex . . .




The New Deal: the Keynesian Elite in the New Deal State
Fig. 1a, The Keynesian Elite in the New Deal state, is an organizational chart of the Roosevelt administration circa 1936.  This particular social formation (TS+FF) emerged out of the Eastern Rate Case of 1910, played a critical role in the industrial side of the conduct of the First World War (when FDR, Frankfurter, and the Taylor society linked up), and became, as Figure 1a indicates, the socio-technical infrastructure of the New Deal state.  The work that produced this result can be found here:

"The Origins of the "Welfare State": The Keynesian Elite and the Second New Deal, 1910-1936" (manuscript, 1987)






Figure 1a.  Intersubjectivity, Shared Intentionality, and the Extended Mind:
the Keynesian Elite in the New Deal State
pp

Source: "Membership List, May 1927" in the Morris L. Cooke Papers, box 66, FDR Library,
and The United States Government Manual 1937.  Also: the Papers of John M. Carmody

The Keynesian Elite in the New Deal State: Career Matrix

Nobuo Noda, How Japan Absorbed American Management Methods (Asian Productivity Organization, 1969)

Ordway Tead, "An Interpretative Forecast of the NRA: Is the Trend Toward Fascist or
Socialized Self-Government?" Bulletin of the Taylor Society, August 1933

For context see
 
Elites: Strategic and Otherwise

FDR vs. the Slave Power: MEMO July 10, 1935

"Liberal Businessmen"
Ezekiel




The New Deal: the Lower Great Lakes Industrial Region
Figure 1b, The UAW-Unity Caucus, 1933-1943: Intersubjectivity, Shared Intentionality, and the Extended Mind (Bildungsproletarians and Plebeian Upstarts), is a map of sources.  While I interviewed veterans of the organizational struggle from the Conner Avenue area on the far east side of Detroit (Briggs, Budd Wheel, Hudson, and Chrysler), and workers from Fleetwood, Ternstedt, and Ford on the west side of the city, the most intensive work was done with veterans of the organizational struggle on the near east side: Michigan Steel Tube, Chrysler Highland Park, Murray Body, Dodge Main, Midland Steel, Detroit Steel Products, Packard, and Plymouth, and with veterans of the organizational struggle in Flint (Fisher 1, Chevrolet, and Buick) and Pontiac (Pontiac Motors, Yellow Cab).

What made this whole site possible is the literary and cognitive capabilities of the bildungs-proletarians and plebeian upstarts whom I interviewed.  These bildungs-proletarians inhabited the biocultural niche of modernity. They were intensely rather that merely literate. In this regard they had more in common with the New Deal vanguard of Figure 1a than they had with the “masses” of their fellow workers in the plants.  For this reason it was possible to co-construct a discursive web incorporating all the interviews that, in another context, could be referred to as the extended mind of the Unity caucus.

It was these bildungs-proletarians around whom formed the action networks of plebeian upstarts (the Unity Caucus) who created the modern UAW in the 1930s.  From the standpoint of praxis both the Unity Caucus and the Keynesian elite should be conceived of as vanguard formations within the biocultural field of Progressivism.  Hence the juxtaposition of Figures 1 and 2.

All of us historians who interviewed these workers back in the nineteen seventies and eighties were not only struck by their powers of mind, but also by what can only be described as their strength of character.  They were the embodiment of civic republicanism.





Figure 1b. The UAW-Unity Caucus, 1933-1943:
Intersubjectivity, Shared Intentionality, and the Extended Mind
Bildungsproletarians and Plebeian Upstarts
u
the UAW, 1933-1943: a working notebook


        Speaking of elites . . .
from Michael Mann, The Sources of Social Power.  Volume II: The rise of classes and national states (Cambridge University Press, 1993)

It is a basic tenet of my work that societies are not systems.  There is no ultimately determining structure to human existence--at least none that social actors or sociological observers, situated in its midst, can discern.  What we call societies are only loose aggregates of diverse, overlapping, intersecting power networks.  p. 506

America has not so much been exceptional as it has gradually come to represent one extreme on a continuum of class relations.  America has never differed qualitatively from other national cases.  Differences have been of degree, not kind. . . .  Explanations asserting an original and enduring American exceptionalism . . . have only a very limited truth.  p. 638

Michael Mann, The Sources of Social Power, Volume 3 Chapter 1: Introduction

human societies form around four distinct power sources – ideological, economic, military and political – which have a relative degree of autonomy from each other.

G. William Domhoff,The Four Networks Theory of Power: A Theoretical Home for Power Structure Research





Configurations of Capital

Fig. 1a.1.  U.S. Political Economy by Sector, 1910 to 1948
input-output matrices: sectors of realization and the two-party system
cc
Elites: Strategic and Otherwise
the Big One





Modernity, 1750-1936: from the Enlightenment to the New Deal
Martyn Lyons, A History of Reading and Writing In the Western World (PalgraveMacmillan, 2010)

 9. The Reading Fever, 1750-1830 ("Everyone in Paris is reading . . .  People read while riding in carriages  or taking walks . . . Women, children, journeymen and apprentices read in shops.  On Sundays people read while seated at the front of their houses; lackeys read on their back seats, coachmen up on their boxes, and soldiers keeping guard."

10. The Age of the Mass Reading Public1 (“Between the 1830s and the First World War . . . a mass reading public came into existence.”)

11. New Readers and Reading Cultures ("The half century between the 1880s and the 1930s was the golden age of the book in the West.")

t

1. John L. Brooke, "There is a North": Fugitive Slaves, Political Crisis, and Cultural Transformation
in the Coming of the Civil War (U. Mass. Press, 2019)





Pisa Test Scores for Math, 2003 to  2015: 20 Anglo-European Nations
                        
l






The Two-Party System (Semiotic Regimes): Elites and their Masses


MSNBC/CNN/
New York Times/Washington Post                     
    NIHILISM (Liberalism)                BILDUNG (Progressivism)

Commercial republicanism       Civic republicanism
concrete-operational and          formal-operational and
pre-operational                           concrete operational
t
Fox News
    RESSENTIMENT
Fascism
pre-operational and gestural
rentier sectors; provincial capitals; patrimonial
and predatory businesses and racist political ecologies






The Two-Party System ( Semiotic Regimes): Cognitive Performativities and Emotional Configurations
h

 LEFT*
RIGHT
Topology
depressive
       paranoid-schizoid
Political style
progressive
            proto-Dorian
Cognitive mode
      concrete & pre-op
      pre-op and gestural
Regime type
   rational-bureaucratic
            patrimonial





Figure 1a. The UAW-Unity Caucus, 1933-1943
o
praxiological ratios

a. plebeian upstarts

1. the Joe Adams ratio:         10.6% (Dodge Main) PF
2. the Charlie Yaeger ratio:    7.2% (Buick) Skeels
3. the Bud Simons ratio:        7.5% (Fisher Body 1) Skeels
4. the Cliff Williams ratio:     7.1% (Pontiac Motors) PF

b. bildungsproletarians:  about one in thousand

Dodge Main: 2 ratios (21,894 members in Fall 1939)

n=34. (0.16%): Emergency Meeting of Chrysler Executive Boards and Shop Committees, October 8, 1939

n=13 (0.06%): Meeting of the Chrysler Executive Boards and shop committees, November 7, 1939




Bildungsproletarians' encounters with the "world"

1.  encounters with "the grey masses"
a.  patrimonial formations: gangs and grifters
b.  Masons and K of C
c.  the middle (hometownsmen): Elder,  Wainwright
d.  Polish women (Herman Burt)
e.  workhorse uncle toms
f.  Hillbillies

2.  encounters with "the middling sort"
a.  Ben Wainwright interview
b.  the Elder report

3.  encounters with the skilled trades
a.  Mazey on the skilled trades in Briggs
b.  Fagan on the "Americans": AAIA, KKK, Bl. Legion
c.  Kluck on skilled trades: Homer Martin
d.  Kord on the colonization of the tool room UNITY

4.  encounters with plebeian upstarts
a.  Bud Simons on Toledo flying squadron
b.  Edmund Kord on guys from front welding
c.  Edmund Kord on the youth "gangs" in the
press
     rooms

d.  Bill Mazey and Joe Adams on the Italians
e.  Frank Fagan on the welders in his department/body-
    in-white

5.  encounters with management
a.  Earl Reynolds
b. Bud Simons and Frank Fagan
c. Murray Body spring committee

6.  encounters with fascism
a. Bud Simons experience in Saginaw
b. Victor Reuther experience in Anderson
c. Cliff Williams vs. Bert Harris
d. Packard
e. Maurice Sugar in the elevator
f. Lindahl on 1938 meeting (letter to Lewis)



Reformation Roots


from Richard White, The Republic for which it Stands: the United States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896 (Oxford, 2017), p. 776

Pullman's workers had not been plucked from the slums; they were unlikely to come from neighborhoods around Hull House on Halstead Street.  His factory in the 1880s employed about 75 percent skilled workers . . . and most were northern European immigrants: Swedes, Germans, English and Dutch.

Networks of Power
p


Reformation "Roots"
k



Jóhann Páll Árnsason and Björn Wittrock, eds., Nordic Paths to Modernity (Bergham Books, 2012)
Jennifer A. Herdt, Forming Humanity: Redeeming the German Bildung Tradition (Chicago, 2019).  Esp. re. the role of Pietists in American Civil War (pp. 21, 59-60) England, Netherlands, Germany.
Bruce Laurie, Rebels in Paradise: Sketches of Northampton Abolitionists (U. of Mass. Press, 2015)
Bruce Laurie, Beyond Garrison: Antislavery and Social Reform (Cambridge, 2005)
John Donoghue, Fire Under the Ashes: an Atlantic History of the English Revolution (Chicago, 2013)
Kenyon Gradert, Puritan Spirits in the Abolitionist Imagination (Chicago, 2020)
John L. Brooke, "There is a North": Fugitive Slaves, Political Crisis, and Cultural Transformation in the Coming of the Civil War (University of Massachusetts Press, 2019)
Zachary A. Fry, A Republic in the Ranks: Loyalty and Dissent in the Army of the Republic (U. of N. Carolina Press, 2020)
James Brewer Stewart, Holy Warriors: The Abolitionists and American Slavery (Hill and Wang, 1997)








h





Job Description for Wage Studies.  Metal working industries
US Dept Labor, BLS.  Nov., 1945.
Production Production non-Production
Assembler (Class A, B, C)
Machine operator classifications
Automatic Lathe Operator (Class A, B, C)
Drill-Press Operator, Radial (Class A, B, C)
Drill-Press Operator, Single- or Multiple-Spindle (Class A, B, C)
Engine-Lathe Operator  (Class A, B, C)
Grinding Machine Operator  (Class A, B, C)
Machine-Tool operator, misc. machines
Milling-Machine Operator  (Class A, B, C)
Power-Shear Operator  (Class A, B, C)
Punch-Press Operator  (Class A, B)
Screw-Machine Operator, Automatic   (Class A, B, C)
Turret-Lathe Operator, Hand (Class A, B, C)
Swager
Forging Press Operator, Hydraulic (Vertical)
Other metal-working occupations
Welder, Hand (Class A, B) (Bill Mazey, Frank Fagan interviews); Almdale and Newby on welding
Welder, Machine (Class A, B)
Polisher and Buffer, Metal (metal finishing)
Riveter, Hydraulic
Riveter, Pneumatic
Solderer (Edmund Kord)

Non-metalworking occupations in the Auto industry

Trim (Joe Adams and Art Grudzen on trim)
paint (Paul Silver on paint testing)
Maintenance, Tool and Die, Shipping and Receiving
Carpenter, Maintenance
Crane Operator, Electric Bridge
Die Setter
Die Sinker
Tool and Die Maker
Trucker, Hand
Trucker, Power
Electrician, Maintenance
Electrician, Production
Millwright
Set-Up Man, Machine Tools
Loader and Unloader
Stock Clerk
Inspector  (Class A, B, C)
Tester (Class A, B, C)



Classes A, B, and C for Assembler, Lathe Operator, and Grinder