ProgresstoNewDealCHARTS

Progressivism to New Deal: 1910 to 1939

1. Sectoral Patterns in the U.S. Economy, 1866 -1939

2. The Securities Bloc, 1914 -- 1939: The Morgan-First National Sector

3a. Eastern Rate Case: Shipppers Assocation, 1910: Chicago Subset

3b. Eastern Rate Case: Shipppers Assocation, 1910: New England Subset

4. Business Advisory Council, 1933

5. "Business Advisors Uphold President", May 3, 1935

6. Corporatists, 1939: Ezekiel List

7. Keynesian Elite in the Second New Deal State, 1927 – 1937

Input-Output approach is basis for this page

My own work on the Keynesian Elite in the New Deal state goes up to 1939. At that time the political economy was dominted by three hegemons:

1) the export-oriented South and Atlantic and parts of Miss valley (grain exports via Illinois Central--but both Lincoln and Douglass tied to IC-CHECK)
2) the securities bloc
3) the emergent mass consumption sector

It was the latter that provided the socio-economic sinew for modern progressivism (1890s to 1930s) whose key personanlity was Louis D. Brandeis.

After that my knowledge drops off a cliff. Nevertheless, one can see a new kind of cold-war progressive elite emerging in the Twentieth Century Fund and the Committee for Economic Development. On the CED, see list in Committee for Economic Development, "The International Trade Organization and the Reconstruction of World Trade" (New York, 1949)

Most interesting in this regard is the membership list of the Citizens' Committee for Reciprical World Trade of 1948, found in United States Senate, Committee on Finance, "Extending Authoirity to Negotiate Trade Agrements," 80th Congress, 2nd Session, Hearings (1948). Heading this Committee was Alger Hiss.

Trade and the American dream: a social history of postwar trade policy By Susan A. Aaronson re citizens committee HISS LIST

This approach differs from that of Mark S. Mizruchi, The American Corporate Network, 1904-1974 (Sage, 1982). Mizruchi defines sectors categorially/extrinsically (industrials, transports, insurances, investment banks, and banks--p. 113); I derive them immanently from input-output flows qua realization process.

1. Sectoral Patterns in the U.S. Economy, 1869-1939

Sector of Realization	Commodities and Functions/Services
I. Commodities in International Trade	Tobacco Cotton Sugar See Rosen for 1932 list Wheat Copper Oil
II. Securities Bloc	Securities & Finance Legal Services Infrastructure Primary Materials Captive Capital Goods
IIIa. Mass Consumption and Mass Housing	⎨The Taylor Society elite⎬
IIIb. Captive Production Inputs	⎨The Taylor Society manufacturing base⎬
Modern Machinery IV. Continuous Process Multinational	⎨Twentieth Century Fund, CED⎬

2. The Securities Bloc, 1914 -- 1939: The Morgan-First National Sector
SOURCE: National Resources Committee, The Structure of the American Economy, Part I (1939), pp. 309-312

SOURCE: National Resources Committee, The Structure of the American Economy, Part I (1939), pp. 309-312 Banks Bankers Trust Co. of New York Bankers Trust Co. New York Trust Co.	Utilities Consolidated Edison of N.Y. National Power & L:ight United Gas Improvement Electric Power & Light American Poer & Light American Gas & Electric Niagra Hudson Power Columbia Gas & Electric Commonwealth & Southern Pubic Service Corporaton of New York American Telephone & Telegraph International Telphone & Telegraph
Railroads New York Central Atkinson, Topeka & Sante Fe Great Northern Delaware, Lakawanna & Western Western Pacific Missouri Pacific Denver & Rio Grande Chicago & Eastern Illinois	Primary Materials United States Steel Kennecott Copper Phelphs Dodge Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron St. Regis Paper
Captive Suppliers of Capital Goods The Pullman Company General Electric American Radiator Baldwin Locomotive

3a. Eastern Rate Case: Shippers Association, 1910: Chicago subset 3b. ERC 1910 New England Witnesses

SOURCE: Evidence Taken by the Interstate Commerece Comission in the Matter of Proposed Advances in Freight Rates by Carriers,
August to December 1910, Senate Doc. 725, 61 Cong., 3 Sess., Vol. 1 pp. 6-15

Mass Consumer-Oriented Firms

Retail

Sears, Roebuck
Marshall Field & Co.
Mandel Brothers
B. Kuppenheimer
Montgomery Ward
Siegel, Cooper & Co.
G.W. Shelton & Co.

Clothing

Hart, Shafner, & Marx
Rosenwald & Weil, Inc.
The Hub (Henry C. Lytton & Sons)
Charles A. Stevens & Brothers
Percival B. Palmer & Co.
Warren Featherbone

Millinery, Gloves, Hats, Hosiery

Bush Hat Co.
Chicagao Mercantile Co.
Joseph N. Eisendrath Co.
Parrotte, Beals & Co.
C.D. Osborn Co.

Shoes

Wilder & Co.
Guthman, Carpenter, & Telling Co.
Smith-Wallace Shoe Co.
The Rice and Hutchins Chicago Co.
Selz, Schwap & Co.
R.P. Smith & Sons & Co.

Food & Related

Southern Cotton Oil Co. (Wesson Oil)
Booth Fisheries
National Biscuit Co.
Nordyke and Marmon Co.
(flour and cerial
milling machinery)
Beech-Nut Packing
Sprague, Warner & Co.
(flavoring extracts,
preserves, beverages)
Steel-Wedeles Co.
(importing, jobbing &
mfg. of grocieries and
kindred)
W.M. Hoyt Co.
Frankln MacVeagh & Co.
Oerlich & Laux, Inc.
Charles B. Ford & Co.
(butter, eggs,
poultry--brokers and
wholesalers)
W.T. Rawleigh Co.
(veterinary and pultry
preparations)
E.B. Millar & Co. (tea,
coffie--importing and
mfg)
Libby, McNeil, & Libby
Decatur Brewing Co.
Thomson & Taylor Co.
(coffee, spices--mfg
for jobbers)
Reid, Murdoch & Co.
(coffee, pickles,
peanut butter)
Rueckheim Bros. &
Eckstein (candy,
crackerjacks)
United Cerial Mills
(Washington Crisps,
Egg-O-See, Toasted
Corn Flakes)

Soap & Related

James S. Kirk
Frigid Fluid Co.
The Fairbanks, N.K. Co.
Darling & Co.
Globe Rending
Pacific Coast Borax Co.
Fitzpatrick Bros. Soap

Packaging & Paper

Humel & Downing Co.
Sanfod Mfg. Co.
The Paper Mills' Co.
J.W. Butler Paper Co.

Mass Housing Supply Industries

U.S. Cast Iron Pipe & Foundry James B. Clough
Kewanee Boiler
Crane Co.
H. Mueller & Co.
Illinois Malleable Iron Co.
Joseph T. Ryerson & Son
Devoe & Reynolds
Adams & Elting Co.
George S. Mepham & Co.
Hibbard, Spencer, Bartlett & Co.

American Lumberman
Lumber World Review
Morgan Sash & Door
Chicago House Wrecking Co.
John V. Farwell Co. (wholesale furniture, carpets, etc)
Union Furniture
Balkwill & Patch Furniture Co. Inc.
W.W. Kimball Co. (pianos, etc.)
Lyon & Healy, Inc. (pianos, etc.)
Tonk Manufacturing (piano benches)
Foley & Williams (sewing machines, supplies, pianos)
The Brunswick Balke Collendar Co.
Chicago Portrait Co.
Pitkin & Brook, Importers, Mfg and Distributors (china, glass, lamps)
M. Paulman & Co.

Diversified Capital Goods, Esp. Agricultural Implements

International Harvster
Deere & Co.
Emerson-Brantigam Co.
R. Herschel Manufacturing Co.
Rock Isoand Plow Co.
Star Mfg. Co.

Link-Belt Co.
Smith Mfg. Co.
Williams, White & Co.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.
Whitman & Barnes Co. (twist drils & reamers)
The Delaval Seperator Co.
Griffin Wheel Co.
Galena Sigal Oil Co.

Other

General Chemical Co.
Lehigh Valley Railroad
Peabody Coal
Inland Steel

New England's Progressive Capitalists

This column lists the Progressive business elite represented by LDB (see Alon Gal, Brandeis of Boston, Harvard University Press, 1980)

Louis D. Brandeis, the Lenin of Progressivism, in his own words

Harold Urofsky, ed., Letters of Louis D. Brandeis, Vol I (1870-1907): Urban Reformer (State University of New York Press, 1971); Vol II (1907-1912): People's attorney; Vol. III (1913-1915): Progressive and Zionist (State University of New York Press, 1971-78)

higher-order macro functions

David O. Ives, manager of the Transportation Department of the Boston Chamber of Commerce

John S. Lawrence, Lawrence & Co. The selling department of the textile mills in New England

testimony of Lawrence

*JOHN S. LAWRENCE, called as a witness on behalf of the shipping interests, being first duly sworn, testified as follows:
Direct examination by Mr. Louis D. BRANDEIS:
Mr. BRANDEIS. What is your business?
Mr. LAWRENCE. Merchant; dry-goods merchant.
Mr. BRANDEIS. Your firm?
Mr. LAWRENCE. The firm of Lawrence & Co., with headquarters at Boston and New York and west.
Mr. BRANDEIS. What is the general character of your business?
Mr. LAWRENCE. The general character of our business is the business of commission merchants; in fact, the selling department of the textile mills in New England.

manufacturers

Charles H. Jones, President of the Commonealth Shoe and Leather Company of Whitman, Massachusetts (a close associate of Louis D. Brandeis), representing the New Engand Shoe and Leather Association

*Guy T. Miller, treasurer of the Bridgeport Brass Company

B.F. Curtis of the Norton Company (a major manufacturer of grinding wheels and abrasives)

George H. Benkhart, of Smith, Klein and French Company (drugs and baby foods)

Edwin F. Forbes, President of the New England Confectionary Company

A.C. Lorion, rrepresenting the Wright Wire Company of Worcester and Palmer, Massachusetts (wire cloth for poultry netting)

the Grayton and Knight Manufacturing Company, and the Metal Trades Assocation of Worcester (mostly machine tool manufacturers)

and E.A. Stuart, of the Mitchell-Woodbury Company, Boston (importers of crockery and china)

4. Business Advisory Council, 1933

SOURCE: G. William Domhoff, The Higher Circles: The Governing Class in America (Random house, 1971), pp. 213-215

Corporatists		International Harvester Gneal Motors E.I. DuPont de Nemours A
Internationalists
Mass Consumption
High Tech &Continuous Process Multinationals
Other

5. "Business Advisors Uphold President", (New York Times, May 3, 1935)

Corporatists	Henry I. Harriman E.T. Stannard F.B. Davis	U.S. Chamber of Commerce Kennecott Copper Co. United States Rubber Company
Internationalists	Winthrop Aldrich W.A. Harriman	Chase National Bank Brown Brothers, Harriman
Mass Consumption	Sidney Weinberg Lincoln Filene Lew Hahn George H. Mead H.P. Kendall Charles A. Cannon Delancy Kountze Morris Leeds A.P. Greenfelder H.H. Heinman William Julian Gano Dunn	Goldman Sachs William Filene's Sons Natonal Retail Dry Goods Mead Corporaton H. P. Kendall Company Cannon Towels Devoe and Reynolds Company Leeds and Northrup Company Contractor credit association Queen City Trust Company Grace National Bank
Continuous Process Multinationals	R.R. Dupree Robert Lund	Proctor & Gamble Lambert Pharmacal Company

6. Corporatists, 1939: Ezekiel List

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Record Group No. 16, "Business Conditions" Folder,
"Memorandum for the Secretary," Mordecai Ezekiel to Henry Wallace, April 11, 1939

Corporatists	S. Sloan Colt James E. Fogarty James Forrestal Pierre Jay Lindsay Bradford Edward Stettinius Gerad Swope Arthur Page William Batt Edward R. Ryerson George H. Houston Wendell Willkie Fred Williamson Donaldson Brown David Godrich	Bankers Trust North American Company Dillon Reed & Company Fiduciary Trust City Bank Farmers Trust United States Steel General Elctric American Telephone & Telegraph S.K.F. Corporation Inland Stel Baldwin Locomotive Commonwealth and Southern New York Central Railroad General Motors Goodrich Tire
Mass Consumption	General R.E. Wood Donald Nelson Sewell Avery Lewis R. Brown	Sears, Roebuck & Company Sears, Roebuck & Company Montgomer Ward Johns Manville Corporaton
Continuous Process Multinationals	Clarence Francis Gerald Lambert Gerald Lambert E.E. Puryear	General Foods Lambert Pharmacal Company Gillette Razor Company Texas Company